Microbiologists collect samples through various methods depending on the type of microorganism they are studying and the environment in which they are found. Here are some common techniques used for sample collection: 1. Swabbing: Microbiologists use sterile swabs to collect samples from surfaces, such as skin, wounds, or environmental surfaces. The swab is rubbed gently over the area of interest to collect microorganisms present. 2. Surface scraping: In some cases, microbiologists may scrape the surface of a solid material, such as a petri dish or agar plate, to collect microorganisms growing on it. 3. Liquid sampling: Microbiologists collect liquid samples, such as water, by using sterile containers or specialized sampling devices. These samples can be taken from various sources like lakes, rivers, or even bodily fluids. 4. Air sampling: Microbiologists use air samplers to collect microorganisms present in the air. These samplers may use filters or impactors to trap particles containing microorganisms. 5. Soil sampling: Microbiologists collect soil samples by using sterile tools like soil corers or scoops. They take samples from different depths and locations to study the microbial diversity in soil. 6. Animal or plant tissue sampling: Microbiologists collect samples from animals or plants by obtaining tissue samples. These samples can be taken from organs, feces, or other relevant parts of the organism. 7. Culture collection: Microbiologists maintain collections of microorganisms in culture collections. These collections contain pure cultures of microorganisms obtained from various sources, such as clinical samples, environmental samples, or industrial processes. It is important for microbiologists to follow strict aseptic techniques and use sterile equipment to prevent contamination during sample collection. These collected samples are then processed and analyzed in the laboratory to study the microorganisms present and their characteristics.