This book makes an in depth examination of the political and economic transformations that have taken place. It highlights both the achievements made and the challenges that continue to confront Tanzania particularly in the context of new dynamic global realities. These realities are characterized by unfair globalization in the field of trade and investment and by a political orthodoxy that demands strict adherence to set of conventional rules about democracy and governance that are not necessarily appropriate and relevant to poor countries like Tanzania. The book mirrors the Tanzania psyche and mindset. It articulate a cogent and credible view and perspective of the challenges that Tanzania faces as it strives and aspires to attain a more prosperous status whilst sustaining the unity, peace and diversity that have been its hallmark since gaining political independence in December 1961. In 1986, Tanzania agreed with the IMF and the World Bank to pursue robust social and economic reforms in light of the serious decline in the performance of the economy, with the objective of achieving sustainable economic growth. At a political level, a multi-party system was introduced, and the first multi-party elections held since 1962 took place in 1995, and again in 2005. This book examines in considerable depth the political and economic changes that have taken place in this period of reform. It highlights both the achievements and the challenges that remain, particularly those brought about by new and dynamic phase of globalisation in areas such as trade and investment. The author articulates perspectives on the democratisation and governance trajectories the country should pursue to attain a more prosperous economic status, whilst sustaining the unity, peace and diversity that have characterised the country since independence.