Humanitarian organizations are becoming increasingly concerned about energy issues in communities, camps, or settlements where internally displaced persons (IDPs) or refugees are settled temporarily. At a minimum, all displaced people require fuel to cook, and the manner in which fuel is obtained and used can have significant impacts on displaced populations, host communities, and the surrounding natural environment. Firewood and charcoal always are in high demand for traditional methods of cooking. Fuel- efficient stoves (FES) can have many positive impacts in a camp, settlement, or other IDP setting. These stoves can help save energy, reduce the time and burden of collecting firewood, and limit the associated exposure for collectors to physical attack and/or gender- based violence. The production and sale of FES can provide important income-generating opportunities for local manufacturers and sellers. Because traditional open fires can be very unsafe in crowded camp or settlement conditions, FES can reduce the risks of uncontrolled fires, as well as burns suffered by cooks and children. FES also have the potential to reduce the impact of health problems related to smoke inhalation. In many cases, cutting trees, shrubs, and roots for fuel can lead to the depletion of forests and environmental degradation in areas that host transient populations. Fuel-saving stoves can slow the degradation and help ease tensions over the use of, and access to, these natural resources. There is much debate over what types and styles of stoves are the most fuel-efficient and user-friendly, and whether a particular stove will be useful to displaced populations. The purpose of this Toolkit is to help humanitarian organizations determine if an FES program is feasible and appropriate for a given setting, and if so, how to design and implement an effective program for wood-burning stoves. These guidelines and associated tools represent standard good practices approved by the United States Agency for International Development/Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) for FES programs in immediate and protracted humanitarian contexts. HOW TO USE THE TOOLKIT This Toolkit is designed to take you and your organization through a step-by-step process of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation of a proposed activity. While these guidelines focus primarily on wood-burning stoves, OFDA also will consider funding applications for stoves that utilize other fuels. A similarly thorough needs assessment and justification analysis will be required for those programs as well. The Toolkit contains twelve steps. Each step includes an introduction, explanation of the task(s) to be conducted, tools to help you carry out the task(s), and information on additional resources. Each step is color-coded for ease of use. In addition, data log sheets for all surveys and testing protocols are provided on an accompanying flash drive. You therefore have the ability to reproduce and modify the forms as necessary for your particular project. While this Toolkit has been developed to be as comprehensive as possible, it is not possible to account for all possible circumstances or situations. This Toolkit provides the framework to make informed decisions, but you must also apply your knowledge about the unique needs, experiences, and preferences of your target beneficiaries and the natural and political environments where you intend to work. Moreover, the fields of stove design and testing methodologies are dynamic.