This report deals with the nature and extent of environmental crime in Kenya and was commissioned by the Environmental Crimes Project (ECP) of the Institute for Security Studies (ISS). The ECP is a project in partnership with the East African Police Chiefs Cooperation Organisation (EAPCCO). Its core objective is to enhance human security by improving regional law enforcement and policymaking to fight environmental crime in eastern Africa. An environmental crime can be defined as a grave act against the environment that results in the infringement of the right of citizens to a clean and healthy environment. The study concludes that environmental crimes are a real threat to Kenya as its economy is based on natural resources. The crimes must thus be fought from all fronts if the country is to attain the goals set out in the government’s Vision 2030.